In this article we’ll explore several common classes of anxiety medications, including Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), Bupropion, and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs).
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs are commonly first-line treatments for anxiety and depression, as well as other conditions such as pre-menstrual dysphoria disorder. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation, in the brain. Examples of SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram. Common side effects of SSRIs may include nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, and weight changes. Caution should be used in individuals with a history of bleeding disorders, epilepsy, or manic episode.
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
SNRIs are a family of anxiety and depression medications, that often help with neuropathic pain relief and fibromyalgia. They increase the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Common SNRIs prescribed for anxiety include venlafaxine and duloxetine. Common side effects of SNRIs include nausea, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, and changes in appetite as well as increased blood pressure or heart rate. Caution should be used in individuals with a history of bleeding disorders, epilepsy, or manic episode.
Bupropion
Bupropion, commonly known by its brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban, is an atypical antidepressant used for treating both depression and anxiety. It works by modulating the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Common side effects of Bupropion is decreasing appetite and increased energy/agitation, dry mouth, insomnia, headache. It is contraindicated in individuals with a seizure disorder.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic Antidepressants, such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline, were historically used as primary treatments for anxiety disorders. While they are effective, they are now considered second-line options due to their potential side effects of being sedating. TCAs work by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, and can also help with migraines and neuralgia type pain. Common side effects of TCA’s are dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, sedation, weight gain, and dizziness.
This information is for educational purposes only. Talk with your doctor regarding your anxiety and the potential use of medications. Your doctor has the knowledge and expertise to assess your individual circumstances, including your medical history, current medications, and specific needs. They can provide personalized recommendations and guide you through the process of finding the most suitable anxiety control medication for you. Remember, every individual is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. Your doctor will work closely with you to determine the best course of action, taking into account your overall health and well-being.